Research Overview
This 40 mg presentation of MOTS-c is the higher-dose vial in our catalogue, intended for laboratories using extended timelines, larger cell-culture batches or in-vivo rodent cohorts where a single 10 mg vial would be impractical. The peptide sequence is identical to the 10 mg presentation and is supplied at 99.3% purity verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry.
MOTS-c was originally characterised as a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome. Research has focused on AMPK activation, glucose-utilisation pathways, exercise physiology models and mitochondrial signalling networks.
The 40 mg vial is supplied as a sealed lyophilised powder under inert atmosphere and is intended exclusively for laboratory research applications. Each batch is accompanied by analytical verification and batch-specific documentation.
Mechanism Studied in Research
The pharmacology of the 40 mg vial is identical to the 10 mg presentation, as the active peptide sequence remains unchanged. MOTS-c has been investigated as an upstream regulator of AMPK-related signalling pathways and mitochondrial stress-response mechanisms.
Published studies have examined effects on glucose uptake, fatty-acid oxidation, cellular energy metabolism and exercise-adaptation pathways. Researchers have also explored downstream interactions involving insulin sensitivity and metabolic gene expression.
The larger vial format is commonly selected for studies requiring repeated dosing schedules, larger animal cohorts or extended laboratory protocols.
Research Applications
Extended in-vivo rodent studies. The 40 mg vial supports longitudinal research programmes where consistent dosing is required across many days or weeks. Researchers studying chronic insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance and mitochondrial-gene-expression endpoints often prefer the reconstitution flexibility offered by a larger vial when repeated administration is required.
Large-batch cell-culture and screening work. Laboratories running parallel cell-line panels, such as L6, C2C12, 3T3-L1 and HepG2, can prepare a single working stock from the 40 mg vial sufficient for multi-plate experiments. This supports cleaner batch-to-batch comparison of AMPK-axis readouts, Seahorse oxygen-consumption profiles and GLUT4-translocation imaging across cell types.
Mechanistic proteomic and binding studies. Identification of the extracellular MOTS-c receptor and the mapping of intracellular binding partners require larger peptide quantities for affinity-capture, photo-crosslinking and pull-down workflows. The 40 mg format provides sufficient material for biotinylation, immobilisation and mass-spectrometric interaction experiments.
Exercise-physiology and ageing research. Studies investigating exercise-induced changes in skeletal-muscle MOTS-c, including treadmill and resistance-training rodent models, often require repeated dosing across multi-week protocols. The 40 mg vial supports such designs with a single batch identifier, simplifying record-keeping and COA traceability when results are written up for publication.
Reconstitution Reference
The 40 mg vial follows the same reconstitution principles as the 10 mg format but with larger diluent volumes. Bacteriostatic water (0.9% benzyl alcohol) is the standard diluent, as the preservative supports multi-dose use across longer working periods. The vial is equilibrated to room temperature for fifteen minutes, then the septum is swabbed with 70% isopropanol. The diluent is injected slowly down the inner wall of the vial rather than directly into the lyophilised cake.
A common laboratory working example for the 40 mg vial with a final concentration of 10 mg/ml uses 4 ml of diluent. Alternative concentrations are selected according to protocol requirements and dosing calculations. The solution should dissolve passively without vigorous agitation.
The resulting solution should appear clear and free of visible particulate. All reconstitution parameters, diluent volumes and final concentrations should be documented according to laboratory protocols and chain-of-custody requirements.
Storage and Handling
Lyophilised MOTS-c in the 40 mg vial should be stored at -20°C in a sealed, light-protected environment. Long-term stability is maintained according to batch documentation and analytical verification records.
Once reconstituted, working solutions are generally stored refrigerated at 2–8°C and used within laboratory-established timelines. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be avoided because they may reduce peptide integrity and signalling consistency.
Researchers commonly prepare single-use aliquots after reconstitution to improve consistency across extended research programmes and reduce peptide degradation associated with repeated handling. Vials should be protected from direct light and unnecessary temperature fluctuations. Any solution showing visible precipitation, discolouration or contamination should be discarded immediately and replaced with a freshly prepared aliquot.
References
[2] Kim K.H., Son J.M., Benayoun B.A. et al. (2018). The mitochondrial-encoded peptide MOTS-c translocates to the nucleus to regulate nuclear gene expression in response to metabolic stress. Cell Metabolism. PMID 29983272
[3] Reynolds J.C., Lai R.W., Woodhead J.S. et al. (2019). MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nature Communications. PMID 31587619
[4] Min K.J., Maduk W. et al. (2020). Mitochondrial peptides modulate mitochondrial function during cellular senescence. Aging.